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Dictionary of Vexillology: C (Cross of Anjou - Cross of Victory)

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CROSS OF ANJOU
CROSS OF ATHLETICS
CROSS OF AVIS
CROSS OF BURGUNDY
CROSS OF CALATRAVA
CROSS OF CALVARY (or CROSS OF CRUCIFIXION)
CROSS OF EIGHT POINTS
CROSS OF JERUSALEM
CROSS OF LORRAINE
CROSS OF PISA
CROSS OF ST ANDREW
CROSS OF ST ANTHONY
CROSS OF ST GEORGE
CROSS OF ST JAMES
CROSS OF ST PATRICK
CROSS OF SANTIAGO
CROSS OF THE ORDER OF ST JAMES
CROSS OF THE ORDER OF SANTO DOMINGO (or CROSS OF THE ORDER OF ST DOMINIC)
CROSS OF THE ORDER OF THE KNIGHTS OF CHRIST (CROSS OF THE ORDER OF CHRIST or CROSS OF THE ORDER OF CHRIST’S KNIGHTS)
CROSS OF THE ORDER OF ST JOHN OF JERUSALEM
CROSS OF THE PORTUGUESE KNIGHTS TEMPLAR
CROSS OF TOULOUSE
CROSS OF VICTORY

CROSS OF ANJOU

See ‘cross of Lorraine’ and its following note.

Flag of Merzig, Germany (fotw)

CROSS OF ATHLETICS

The term, and a colloquial translation of the German “turnerkreuz”, which may be used to describe a cross formed from four capital letter F's and is thus voided – an athletics' or athletic cross (see also ‘cross 1)’, ‘cross-voided’ and ‘voided’).

Flag of the Albis Steam Shipping Company 1897, Germany; Flag of the Darmstádter Turngemeinde 1844, Germany; Flag of the Ditmarsia Kiel Rowing Club, Germany (Klaus-Michael Schneider)

CROSS OF AVIS

See ‘avis cross’.

Putative Banner of Arms of the Avis Order, Portugal (fotw); Arms and Flag of Alandroal, Portugal (ICH & fotw)

CROSS OF BURGUNDY

See ‘ragged cross’.

Spanish Infantry Colour c1600 (fotw)

CROSS OF CALATRAVA

A symbol of the Spanish Order of Calatrava and a particularly Hispanic form of the cross fleury - an Iberian cross – see ‘cross fleury’ (also ‘avis cross’).

Flag and Arms of Almagro, Spain (fotw & ICH); Flag of the Order at Alcaudete, Spain (fotw); Arms of Malagón, Spain (fotw & ICH)

CROSS OF CALVARY (or CROSS OF CRUCIFIXION)

The heraldic term for a (normally but not exclusively) Latin cross that does not usually (although it may) extend to the edges of a shield, flag, panel or flag, but which is mounted on three steps – a cross of crucifixion, Calvary cross or Calvary - see ‘Latin cross’.

Arms and Flag of Atalaia e Alto Estanqueiro-Jardia, Portugal (fotw); Arms and Flag of Madalena, Portugal (fotw); Arms and Flag of Alreiro, Portugal (Antonio Martins)

CROSS OF EIGHT POINTS

The term that may be used when a cross of the Maltese pattern does not have four points meeting in the centre – a cross pattee fourche or Maltese-type cross – see ‘Maltese cross’.

Arms and Flag of Łagów, Poland (fotw); Arms and Flag of Portel, Portugal (fotw)

Please note that this term has been introduced by the Editors as a (straightforward and more specific) vexillological alternative to the heraldic phrase “cross pattée fourché”.

CROSS OF JERUSALEM

1) A term occasionally used to describe a cross potent – see ‘cross potent’
2) See ‘Jerusalem cross’.

Flag of the Scouts of San Jordi, France (Ivan Sache); Arms and Flag of the Kingdom of Jerusalem 1162 – 1191 (Wikipedia and fotw)

CROSS OF LORRAINE

A cross in which two horizontal arms cross the vertical arm, and currently seen on the arms and alternative national flag of Hungary, the arms and national flag of Slovakia plus the arms and state flag of Lithuania – a cross patriarchal, patriarchal cross, archiepiscopal cross or cross of Anjou, a double or double-armed cross, Jagiellonian cross – but see ‘Vytis cross’ (also ‘armorial bearings’, ‘cross 2)’, ‘national flag 1)’ ‘one-and-a-half armed cross’, ‘orthodox cross’, papal cross’, ‘two-and-a-half armed cross’ and ‘state flag 1)’).

From left: The Flag of Free France 1940-44; The National Flag and Arms of Slovakia; Flag and Arms of Wallbach, Switzerland (fotw & Wikipedia)

Please note that the terms cross of Lorraine, cross of Anjou, cross patriarchal and archiepiscopal cross are now considered interchangeable, however, in strict usage the crosses of Lorraine and Anjou (unlike the others) should both have horizontal arms of equal length. ^{see supplemental note}

Cross of Lorraine and of Anjou according to strict usage

CROSS OF PISA

A variation of the cross clechee, and (as far as can be discovered) unique to Pisa, which has a white (or argent), twelve-pointed cross with a roundel of the same colour placed at each of those points – compare with ‘occitan cross’ (see also ‘cross 2)’, ‘cross clechée’ and ‘roundel 2)’).

Flag of Pisa, Italy (fotw)

CROSS OF ST ANDREW

See ‘St Andrew’s Cross’

National Flag of Scotland (fotw)

CROSS OF ST ANTHONY

In heraldry see ‘cross tau’ (also ‘acorn cross’)

Arms and Flag of St. Antönien-Ascharina, Switzerland (Wikipedia & fotw)

CROSS OF ST GEORGE

See ‘St George’s Cross’

Flag of England (fotw)

CROSS OF ST JAMES

See ‘cross of Santiago’.

Flag and Arms of Algorfa, Spain (fotw)

CROSS OF ST PATRICK

See ‘St Patrick’s Cross’

CROSS OF SANTIAGO

The sword-like cross of the Spanish/Portuguese Order of St James – a cross fleury fitchy – see ‘cross fitchy’ and ‘cross fleury’.

Flag of the Order of Santiago (fotw); Flag and Arms of Quinta do Conde, Portugal (fotw); Flag and Arms of Ferreira do Alentejo, Portugal (fotw)

CROSS OF THE ORDER OF ST JAMES

See ‘Cross of Santiago’

Flag and Arms of Santiago, Portugal (fotw)

CROSS OF THE ORDER OF SANTO DOMINGO (or CROSS OF THE ORDER OF ST DOMINIC)

See ‘Dominican cross’.

Putative Dominican Banner of Arms (fotw); Flag of Aldeanueva de Santa Cruz, Spain (fotw)

CROSS OF THE ORDER OF THE KNIGHTS OF CHRIST (CROSS OF THE ORDER OF CHRIST or CROSS OF THE ORDER OF CHRIST’S KNIGHTS)

A red cross pattée surmounted by a white Greek Cross being the former symbol of the medieval Iberian Order of the Knights of Christ (Ordem dos Cavaleiros de Cristo) which now forms the air force roundel of Portugal, and is often seen on the sub-national flags of both Portugal and Spain – a Cross of the Order of Christ, a Cross of the Order of Christ's Knights or a Christ’s Knight’s Cross - but see note below (also ‘cross pattée’, ‘Greek Cross 2)’, ‘roundel 1)’, ‘surmounted by’ and ‘voided’

Air Force Roundel, Portugal (fotw); Flag of Madeira, Portugal (fotw); Arms and flag of Ladoeiro, Portugal (fotw); Flag of the Institute for Civil Aviation, Portugal (fotw)

Notes
a) This not a voided cross, but is properly described in heraldic terms as “a cross pattée Gules surmounted by a Latin cross-couped Argent” - as described and referenced above.
b) Later variants may be based upon a Latin rather that a Greek Cross as in the examples shown below (see ‘Latin cross’).

Cross and Star of the Brazilian Order of Christ (Wiki); Arms of Guetim, Portugal (Sergio Horta); Flag of São Paulo, Brazil (fotw)

CROSS OF (THE ORDER OF) ST JOHN OF JERUSALEM

See ‘Maltese cross’.

Flag of St John's Ambulance Brigade, (fotw); Arms and Flag of Ivanec, Croatia (fotw)

CROSS OF THE PORTUGUESE KNIGHTS TEMPLAR

See ‘rounded cross’.

Putative Banner of the Portuguese Knights Templar (fotw); Arms and Flag of Outeiro Major, Portugal (Sérgio Horta)

CROSS OF TOULOUSE

See ‘Occitan cross’.

Flag and Arms of Languedoc, France (fotw & Wikipedia)

CROSS OF VICTORY

In Spanish, particularly Asturian, usage, a form of the cross bottony (most often a Latin cross bottony) – see ‘cross botonny’ and ‘Latin cross’.

Flag and Arms of Asturias, Spain (fotw & ICH); Flag of Gozón, Spain (fotw); Flag and Arms of Matadeón de los Oteros, Spain (vexileon.org)

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