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Dictionary of Vexillology: G (Gradient Fill - Grumphion)

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GRADIENT FILL
GRADIATED STRIPES
GRAND (or GREAT) QUARTER
GRAND UNION
GRAND-DUCAL BONNET (CORONET or HAT)
GRAPEVINE CROSS
GRAVE DECORATION FLAG
GREAT BANNER
GREAT STANDARD
GREAT STAR FLAGS (or GREAT LUMINARY PATTERN)
GREAT UNION
GREATER ARMS
GREEK CROSS
GREEN FLAG
GRIDIRON
GRIDIRON FLAG
GRIFFIN (or GRYPHON)
GRILL
GRINDSTONE (GRINDWHEEL or GRIND-WHEEL)
GROMMET
GROMMET AND CLIP
GROUND
GROUP COMMAND PENNANT
GRUMPHION (or GRUMPHEON)

GRADIENT FILL

The printing/computer graphics term that may be used when a charge, or a flag's field, is composed of two or more different colours that gradually merge into each other – fountain fill.

Flag of the Christlich-Soziale Union, Bavaria, Germany (fotw); Flag of Lista di Pietro - Italia dei Valori (fotw); Flag of L'Ulivo, Italy (fotw)

Please note that a gradient fill is not found in heraldry and is very rarely employed in classic flag design, but may be seen on some modern (particularly commercial and especially printed) flags.

GRADIATED STRIPES

See ‘optical proportions’.

Current Presidential Flag of France (fotw)

GRAND (or GREAT) QUARTER

The heraldic term used to describe that section of a shield or banner of arms that is further subdivided by being impaled or quartered, and generally employed when one or more sets of quartered, quarterly or impaled arms are displayed with another either so divided or otherwise - a great quarter (see also ‘impaled’, ‘quarter’, ‘quartered’, ‘quartering’, ‘quarterly’ and ‘shield’).

Royal Standard 1603 – 1649 1660 – 1668 and 1702 – 1707, England (fotw); Royal Banner 1700 – 1759, Spain (fotw); Standard of HM Queen Adelaide 1830 – 1849, UK (fotw); Standard of HM Queen Mary of Teck 1867 – 1953, UK (fotw)

GRAND UNION

See ‘continental colors’.

Grand Union/Continental Colours 1775 – 1777, US (fotw)

GRAND-DUCAL BONNET (CORONET or HAT)

See ‘coronet 2)’.

Lesser Arms of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (fotw)

GRAPEVINE CROSS

see 'St. Nino's cross'

Flag of Ninotsminda, Georgia (fotw)

GRAVE DECORATION FLAG

see 'memorial flag'

GREAT BANNER

The term, now obsolete, for a banner showing all the quarterings of a deceased person's coat of arms for use at that person's funeral (see also ‘achievement of arms 2)’, ‘badge banner’, ‘banner 1)’, ‘bannerole’, ‘coat of arms 2)’, ‘grumphion’, ‘quartering’ and ‘livery banner’).

Please note that according to English heraldry the sizes of a great banner were originally as follows: that of an Emperor; six feet square, a King; five feet square. a Prince or Duke; four feet square, a Marquis, Earl, Viscount, Baron, and Knight-baronet; three feet square.

GREAT STANDARD

A term, now obsolete, for the Scottish heraldic standard as flown from a fixed staff, and there are indications that it was the largest of three sizes (see also ‘battle standard’, ‘heraldic standard 2)’, and ‘pageant standard’).

Standard of the Laird of Clan Arbuthnott (The Flag Center)

GREAT STAR FLAGS (or GREAT LUMINARY PATTERN)

The term used for those US national flags whose canton shows the stars arranged in the form of a single larger star, and in civilian use (particularly – but not exclusively - upon merchant vessels) from 1818 until c1865 - the great luminary pattern (see also ‘Betsy Ross flag’, ‘continental colours’, ‘eagle standard’, ‘Franklin flag’, ‘old glory’, ‘quincunx’, ‘star-spangled banner’ and ‘stars and stripes’).

Great Star Patterns of 20, 26, 33 and 34 Stars (1818, 1837, 1859 and 1861), US (fotw)

GREAT UNION

1) In UK usage, the pattern of Union Flag displayed by military colours and originally authorized on 30 August 1900 (see also ‘colour 2)’, ‘colours 2)’ and ‘union jack 1)’).

2) In US usage, a term referring to the 1775 pattern of national flag and occasionally used in place of grand union or continental colours – see ‘continental colours’.

The Great Union, UK (Martin Grieve); The Great/Grand Union 1775, US (fotw)

Please note with regard to 1) that this was an attempt to revive the pattern of union flag originally authorised in 1800, in that the white and red saltires are of even width with a fimbriation added, however, the fimbriation to the cross of St George was (due to an error in reading the blazon) mistakenly designed as too narrow.

Union flag as authorized in 1800, UK (Željko Heimer)

GREATER ARMS

See under ‘arms’.

Greater Arms of Bremen, Germany and of Sweden (fotw)

GREEK CROSS

1) In vexillology the term for a cross whose four arms are straight-sided and of equal length, and which may, or may not, extend to edges of the flag, panel or canton it occupies (see also ‘acorn cross’ and ‘balkenkreuz’).
2) In heraldry as above – but see ‘cross-couped’ and ‘cross humetty’ (also ‘couped 2)’)

Example, Naval Jack, Greece (fotw); Flag of Unterägeri, Switzerland (fotw); National National Flag and Arms of Switzerland (fotw & Wikipedia); National Flag of Tonga (fotw)

GREEN FLAG

1) In UK usage the flag awarded to parks and other green spaces that have reached a national standard of excellence (see also ‘blue flag’).
2) In European usage (including the UK) the flag awarded to schools for reaching established goals in environmental education.

Green Flag Award flag, UK; Basic Design and Portuguese Variant (fotw and Official Website)

GRIDIRON

A heraldic term for the cooking implement upon which St Lawrence was traditionally martyred, and often associated with him – a grill.

Flag of Villars le Grand, Switzerland (fotw): Arms and Flag of Kocierzew Południowy, Poland (fotw); Arms of Sulislav, Czechia (fotw); Flag of Malle, Belgium (fotw)

GRIDIRON FLAG

In UK usage a term, now obsolete, for the red and white striped flag of the Honourable East India Company (see also ‘continental colours’, ‘ensign’, ‘jack’ and ‘red ensign’).

HEIC Flags, England c1600–1707; UK 1707–1801; UK 1801-1864 (fotw)

Notes
a) This flag was introduced as an ensign c1600 and worn as such outside home waters from c1676–1824, after which it was flown as a jack by vessels of the Bombay Marine until 1863.
b) Thirteen is the usual number of stripes shown, but that nine or eleven are occasionally seen in contemporary flag books.
c) Information suggests the existence of a gridiron flag bearing a Cross of St George overall (as illustrated below), and that it was worn by armed vessels of the HIEC, however, no further details can be confirmed at this present time.

Flag of the HIEC bearing a Cross of St George c1820 (fotw)

GRIFFIN (or GRYPHON)

A (variously detailed) mythological creature that is part lion and part eagle, and which appears as a supporter or as a charge in a set of armorial bearings, on a banner of arms or a flag - gryphon (see also Appendix V’, ‘armorial bearings’, ‘coat of arms’, ‘heraldic beasts’, ‘phoenix’ and ‘supporters’).

Arms and Flag of Pomeranian voivodship, Poland (fotw); Flag of Troms, Norway (fotw); Flag and Arms of Gryfice, Poland (fotw)

GRILL

In heraldry see ‘gridiron’.

Arms and Flag of Jaraczewo, Poland (fotw)

GRINDSTONE (GRINDWHEEL or GRIND-WHEEL)

See ‘millstone’ and the note below.

Arms and Flag of Espadanedo, Portugal (fotw)

Please note that a grindstone can also be the wheel upon which knives etc. are sharpened, and that such an implement has not - as far as can be confirmed - yet appeared on flags.

GROMMET

1) A hole or eyelet, reinforced by stitching or an inserted metal ring, usually found at both ends of the heading on the hoist of a flag, through which clips, attached to the halyard pass - see ‘Inglefield clip’ (also ‘Appendix I’, ‘clip and grommet’, 'hoist 2)', 'tack', and 'halyard').

2) See ‘rope grommet’.

Please note with regard to 1) that Lt (later Admiral) Edward Inglefield RN patented this system in 1890.

GROMMET AND CLIP

See ‘clip and grommet’.

Željko Heimer

GROUND

1) In vexillology see ‘field 1)’.

2) In heraldry see ‘field 2)’.

Flag and Arms of Negoslavci, Croatia (fotw)

GROUP COMMAND PENNANT

See ‘command pennant’.

Group Command Pennant, Spain (fotw)

GRUMPHION (or GRUMPHEON)

A Scottish term, now obsolete, for a small funeral flag bearing a death's head.

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